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Today, anyone who has grown around the typical Nigerian displays
of power would have a hard time understanding why a sitting military head of
state would drive through Lagos traffic with no security.
of power would have a hard time understanding why a sitting military head of
state would drive through Lagos traffic with no security.
The nation was thrown into turmoil on the
13th of February 1976 after the Head of State and the Chief Commander of the
Armed Forces of Nigeria, General
Murtala Ramat Muhammed, was assassinated in Lagos during an
unsuccessful coup led by Lt.
Col. Buka Suka Dimka. History has it that Gen. Muhammed loved a
low-profile lifestyle, and it was this kind of lifestyle that led to his easy
assassination.
13th of February 1976 after the Head of State and the Chief Commander of the
Armed Forces of Nigeria, General
Murtala Ramat Muhammed, was assassinated in Lagos during an
unsuccessful coup led by Lt.
Col. Buka Suka Dimka. History has it that Gen. Muhammed loved a
low-profile lifestyle, and it was this kind of lifestyle that led to his easy
assassination.
Yet this was only a reflection of the genteel and almost reckless
lack of self-importance with which Murtala, as he was fondly called by most
Nigerians, went about his business.
lack of self-importance with which Murtala, as he was fondly called by most
Nigerians, went about his business.
Born on 9 November 1938 in Kano, one of his
parents’ 11 children, Murtala joined the army at the age of 19.
parents’ 11 children, Murtala joined the army at the age of 19.
Within 10 years, on the strength of his work ethic and numerous
degrees and training programs, he was made Colonel, barely 30 at the time.
degrees and training programs, he was made Colonel, barely 30 at the time.
During this time, Murtala played a role in unseating Aguiyi Ironsi from power, after the latter took
the seat in January 1966.
the seat in January 1966.
On 29th July 1975, General Yakubu Gowon was
overthrown while attending the 12th summit of the Organisation of African Unity
(OAU) in Kampala, Uganda.
overthrown while attending the 12th summit of the Organisation of African Unity
(OAU) in Kampala, Uganda.
Muhammed, who had just recently been made Federal Commissioner for
Information (equivalent to the role of Minister for Information and Communication
in today’s administration) took power as the new Military Head of State.
Information (equivalent to the role of Minister for Information and Communication
in today’s administration) took power as the new Military Head of State.
Murtala, with Olusegun Obasanjo as
Chief of Staff, Defence HQ, (a role which was practically the same as being
Vice President), set about changing a lot of the policies and overhauling the
institutions that had made Gowon unpopular in his final days in power.
Chief of Staff, Defence HQ, (a role which was practically the same as being
Vice President), set about changing a lot of the policies and overhauling the
institutions that had made Gowon unpopular in his final days in power.
A popular leader
Within the short span of 201 days, he was able to restore a love
for the nation, a clear sense of patriotism that had been lost when Nigeria’s
first civilian leaders first began to show that having the key to the vault
means that money will begin to vanish and then show up in unexpected places, in
expensive cars and fat bank accounts.
for the nation, a clear sense of patriotism that had been lost when Nigeria’s
first civilian leaders first began to show that having the key to the vault
means that money will begin to vanish and then show up in unexpected places, in
expensive cars and fat bank accounts.
After the rigours of the civil war, Murtala set about to
re-organising and demilitarising a large wing of the Nigerian army, reducing
the total number of active soldiers by 100,000.
re-organising and demilitarising a large wing of the Nigerian army, reducing
the total number of active soldiers by 100,000.
As head of state, Muhammed put in place plans to build a new
Federal Capital Territory due to Lagos being overcrowded.
Federal Capital Territory due to Lagos being overcrowded.
A panel headed by Justice Akinola Aguda chose
the Abuja area as the new capital ahead of other proposed locations.
the Abuja area as the new capital ahead of other proposed locations.
On February 3, 1976, Muhammed announced that the Federal Capital
would in the future move to a federal territory location of about 8,000 square
kilometres in the central part of the country.
would in the future move to a federal territory location of about 8,000 square
kilometres in the central part of the country.
After it was alleged that the 1973 census was heavily weighted in
favour of the North, Murtala cancelled and nullified the results, much to the
pleasure of the other regions who were desperate for equal representation.
favour of the North, Murtala cancelled and nullified the results, much to the
pleasure of the other regions who were desperate for equal representation.
These actions reflected the ethos of a man who felt he would treat
everyone as he wished to be treated.
everyone as he wished to be treated.
Murtala was seen as very upright and he dealt with his colleagues
and everyone else with a sense of expectation.
and everyone else with a sense of expectation.
Many in that time say he was a natural born leader, charismatic,
direct and ambitious. His decisiveness, especially, won him popular support
among Nigerians.
direct and ambitious. His decisiveness, especially, won him popular support
among Nigerians.
However, Murtala was a young soldier from the North. Among his
region and other soldiers who felt they deserved a bigger say in the direction
of the country, his changes seemed too abrupt, too radical, too intense even.
Some called him mercurial.
region and other soldiers who felt they deserved a bigger say in the direction
of the country, his changes seemed too abrupt, too radical, too intense even.
Some called him mercurial.
Ultimately, coupled with his belief that his reckless abandon,
this led a group of soldiers to call time on his government and cut him down in
his prime.
this led a group of soldiers to call time on his government and cut him down in
his prime.
Murder in the Capital
On February 13, 1976, General Murtala Ramat Mohammed was on his
way to work in Dodan Barracks. While sitting in his Black Mercedes Saloon Car
along with his Aide-De-Camp (ADC), Lieutenant Akintunde
Akinsehinwa, he was ambushed by a group of soldiers.
way to work in Dodan Barracks. While sitting in his Black Mercedes Saloon Car
along with his Aide-De-Camp (ADC), Lieutenant Akintunde
Akinsehinwa, he was ambushed by a group of soldiers.
Murtala, along with his entourage, was killed in a hail of
bullets, a task that was made all the easier because the only visible sign of
protection was a pistol carried by his orderly.
bullets, a task that was made all the easier because the only visible sign of
protection was a pistol carried by his orderly.
His assassination was part of a coup attempt led by Lt. Col Buka Suka Dimka, who was the head of the Nigerian Army Physical Training Corps. On killing the
Head of State, the coup plotters swung into action, taking, first, the media.
Head of State, the coup plotters swung into action, taking, first, the media.
Murtala had made a meal of nationalising private media, including
the two largest newspapers and strengthening the reach of state-owned media,
particularly the radio network.
the two largest newspapers and strengthening the reach of state-owned media,
particularly the radio network.
Around late afternoon, on that day, Dimka announced on the radio that the Young Revolutionaries had taken
over the government. He went ahead to declare a 12-hour
curfew.
over the government. He went ahead to declare a 12-hour
curfew.
His message was played throughout the day on radio alongside
martial music.
martial music.
This development heightened an already tense atmosphere. Many knew
that Murtala had been killed and in a country where war was only a recent
memory, there was already a rumour-based list of things to expect.
that Murtala had been killed and in a country where war was only a recent
memory, there was already a rumour-based list of things to expect.
Dimka’s announcement confirmed that this was an attempt, however
successful, to wrestle power from the government.
successful, to wrestle power from the government.
It threw everyone and everything into a state of pandemonium. In
Lagos, people were too scared to come out of their homes and go to work, for
fear of reprisal attacks by troops loyal to Murtala or a tussle between both
sides.
Lagos, people were too scared to come out of their homes and go to work, for
fear of reprisal attacks by troops loyal to Murtala or a tussle between both
sides.
The disorder and confusion were not limited to Nigerians alone.
Nigeria in the 70s was enjoying a massive oil boom. The proceeds
of this new found wealth made its way into building infrastructure and making
cities like Lagos a desirable destination for the West and corporate concerns.
of this new found wealth made its way into building infrastructure and making
cities like Lagos a desirable destination for the West and corporate concerns.
The coup happened while the city of Lagos was playing host to the
World Championship Tennis Pro Circuit Series.
World Championship Tennis Pro Circuit Series.
Players like Arthur Ashe, Jeff Borowiak and Dick
Stockton were vying for the prize money while enjoying the many
bounties that Lagos has to offer.
Stockton were vying for the prize money while enjoying the many
bounties that Lagos has to offer.
Stockton had informed his colleagues at the Federal Palace Hotel
where they were staying, of the coup after Paul Svehlik, the
WCT tour manager had called him to tell him about the assassination.
where they were staying, of the coup after Paul Svehlik, the
WCT tour manager had called him to tell him about the assassination.
Further down the hall, the Brazilian football legend, Edson Arantes de Nascimento, or Pele as he is known the world over, was listening
to the radio. He had come to the country as part of a tour sponsored by Pepsi.
to the radio. He had come to the country as part of a tour sponsored by Pepsi.
From the moment that the first bullets rang out and Dimka’s voice
went on the radio, their lives were suddenly at risk.
went on the radio, their lives were suddenly at risk.
Troops loyal to the Federal Military Government made an attempt to
take back the radio station from the coup plotters.
take back the radio station from the coup plotters.
By 3.00 in the afternoon, the Nigerian Broadcasting Corporation
went off the air. In the tussle, Dimka narrowly escaped being shot.
went off the air. In the tussle, Dimka narrowly escaped being shot.
In time, control of the radio was regained and with highlife music
announcing its return, the radio station came back on the air.
announcing its return, the radio station came back on the air.
By 3 o’clock in the afternoon, the Nigerian
Broadcasting Corporation went off the air. The Federal
Government wanted to take over the radio station from the coup plotters.
Broadcasting Corporation went off the air. The Federal
Government wanted to take over the radio station from the coup plotters.
Dimka narrowly escaped from the gunfire. After the premises was
recaptured, the radio station came back on the air with highlife music.
recaptured, the radio station came back on the air with highlife music.
By evening, the Federal Government announced that the coup was
successful and a curfew was still in effect.
successful and a curfew was still in effect.
The silence over Murtala’s death was raised when on February 14,
the Federal Government announced that Murtala had died and Olusegun Obasanjo
was the new Head of State.
the Federal Government announced that Murtala had died and Olusegun Obasanjo
was the new Head of State.
The FG also announced a seven-day mourning period for the slain
leader.
leader.
The sentiment at the time, and it is one that remains to this day,
was that the American Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) had
murdered Murtala. Nigeria was not the place for any foreigner to be in those
days.
was that the American Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) had
murdered Murtala. Nigeria was not the place for any foreigner to be in those
days.
The foreign contingent of the WCT faced some trouble in leaving.
The military disrupted the rest of the games, entering into the courts and
ordering everyone out with automatic rifles and clubs.
The military disrupted the rest of the games, entering into the courts and
ordering everyone out with automatic rifles and clubs.
Players, support staff and journalists got the brunt of the soldiers’
anger.
anger.
One of them, a Daily Mail tennis correspondent John Parsons was hit by a club by a soldier,
leaving an 18-inch scar on his back. Parsons was on his way to the Reuters
office in Lagos to file the breaking story when he was assaulted.
leaving an 18-inch scar on his back. Parsons was on his way to the Reuters
office in Lagos to file the breaking story when he was assaulted.
Eventually, after much maneuvering, the Federal Military
Government provided transport for the players and they left the country.
Government provided transport for the players and they left the country.
Pele, on the other hand, found refuge in the home of the Brazilian
Ambassador, before flying out of the country.
Ambassador, before flying out of the country.
After Obasanjo was announced President, he set his efforts to
bringing Dimka to justice.
bringing Dimka to justice.
The colonel had not been seen since he fled the premises of Radio Nigeria in Ikoyi after the
coup so he quickly became the focus of a massive manhunt.
coup so he quickly became the focus of a massive manhunt.
Dimka was eventually arrested in the company of a female
companion, at Friendship Hotel in Afikpo, in Eastern Nigeria.
companion, at Friendship Hotel in Afikpo, in Eastern Nigeria.
Following a court-martial, Lieutenant Colonel Dimka and another 38
military officers and civilians were executed by firing squad.
military officers and civilians were executed by firing squad.
Gone, but not forgotten
Looking back today, it says much that Murtala enjoys perhaps the
cleanest legacy of any Nigerian military leader.
cleanest legacy of any Nigerian military leader.
His biggest criticisms have come not from that era but from the
civil war. Nigerians may forget but the people of Asaba remember when his
division of the army murdered a majority of the town’s male population,
creating an imbalance that is still evident till this day. That mass murder is
known as the Asaba Massacre and it remains one of the biggest scars from the
civil war.
civil war. Nigerians may forget but the people of Asaba remember when his
division of the army murdered a majority of the town’s male population,
creating an imbalance that is still evident till this day. That mass murder is
known as the Asaba Massacre and it remains one of the biggest scars from the
civil war.
Our failure to address that part of our history has played in his
favour, as with many of his peers. But that takes nothing away from the work he
did after.
favour, as with many of his peers. But that takes nothing away from the work he
did after.
Despite spending just over half a year in power, he left an
imprint of dedication and empathy.
imprint of dedication and empathy.
In return, Nigeria’s leaders have shown him love and appreciation.
He was the first Nigerian to have his depiction on Nigerian
currency, specifically the 20 Naira note.
currency, specifically the 20 Naira note.
The International Airport in Lagos is also named Murtala Mohammed Airport in his
honour.
honour.
In almost every city or state of the country, there are streets,
parks, gardens, buildings and other monuments named after him.
parks, gardens, buildings and other monuments named after him.
We hope today that the military era of Nigeria’s past is gone, for
good, but while we have the benefit of hindsight, we will look back at days
like that fateful morning in February and think about what it could have been.
good, but while we have the benefit of hindsight, we will look back at days
like that fateful morning in February and think about what it could have been.
